| Annie Besant, Mrs (1847-1933): President of the Theosophical Society, founder of the Home Rule League(1915-1916) in India, was elected President of Indian National Congress. |
| Aryabhatta (476-520 A.D.): Mathematician and astronomer; was born in Patliputra; explained the causes of solar and lunar eclipses; discovered the rule for the solution of simple intermediate equations. India's first artificial satellite was named after him. |
| Asoka, The Great (273-232 B.C.): Emperor of India; one of the best and noblest rulers in the world history; embraced Buddhism after the bloody war of Kalinga; propagated Buddhism far and wide; his inscription on rocks and piliers are of great historical interest. |
| Aurobindo Ghosh(1872-1950): Politician, philosopher, poet and yogi; educated at Cambridge; passed I.C.S., 1890; first editir of Bande Matram, actively participated in revoluntionary movement; retired to Pondicherry; established in Ashram; wrote Synthesis of Yoga, The Life Divine, Essays on Gita, More light on Yoga etc. |
| Bankim Chandra Chatterji: Bengali novelist; wrote Anand Math and composed Bande Matram, Durgesh Nandini and Kapal Kundala. |
| Bhabha, Dr Homi Jehangir (1909-1966): Famous physicist; President, Indian Science Congress 1951; Director, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; presided over the Atoms for Peace Conference at Geneva, August 1955; Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission of India; died in an air crash near Mt Blanc in January 1966. |
| Chaitanya(1445-1533): Born at Nadia in Bengal, he was a pioneer of Bhakti Movement. He preached the doctrine of love. |
| Chanakya (Kautilya) (4th century B.C.): He was the famous Minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya, whom he helped to acquire his kingdom. He was an authority on political economy and his book Arthashastra remains unsurpassed till this day. It throws light on the then system of government, the revenue system, the art of administration, and also the duties of the king. |
| Das, C R (1870-1925): He was a lawyer, poet, journalist and politician. He supported the programme of Gandiji, but joined hands with Motilal Nehru and Lajpat Rai in forming the Swarajya Party. |
| Dadabhai, Naoroji (1825-1911): A great nationalist of India; became President of Indian National Congress; was a member of House of Commons, first Indian to be so elected; known as the 'Grand Old Man' of India. |
| Dayanand, Swami : Founder of Arya Samaj; a great social and religious reformer; fought against untouchability, preached widow re-marriage, supported women's education. |
| Gandhi, M K (Mahatma)(1869-1948): Born Porbander(Kathiawar) on October 2, 1869; went to England to study law and became a Barister; led Satyagraha movement in South Africa; returned to India in 1915; started Non co-operation movement and Civil Disobedience movement; was shot dead by Nathuram Godse on January 30, 1948. |
| Harsha Vardhana(606-647 A.D.): He was the last great Hindu King of India. The account of his reign is available from two sources: Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller, and Bana Bhatt, the famous Sanskrit poet; Nalanda University flourished during his time. |
| Jayaprakash Narayan(1901-1979): Socialist leader and a clear thinker; General Secretary, Congress 1930-32. |
| Kabir Das:Indian saint and poet of Nirguna Bhakti movement. He believed in the unity of god and equality of all religions. Kabir Vachanamrit, Kabir Beejak and Sakhi are among his works. |
| Kalidas (A.D.400): Great Sanskrit poet and dramatist; rightly called Indian Shakespeare; known for his works Shakuntala, Raghuvansha, Meghduta, Kumar Sambhava, Ritu Samhar, Vikramorvasi and Malvikagnimitra. He flourished in the time of Vikramaditya. |
| Keshab Chandra Sen(1838-84): Religious and social reformer of the Brahmo Samaj. |
| Lajpat Rai (1865-1928): Great patriot; gave up legal practice to serve his country; exiled by the British Government for political activities; stayed in America for political reasons; actively participated in the Non Co-operation movement; popularly known as "Sher-e-Punjab "; started Bande Mantram, a journal. Founded the Servants of People Society in 1924. |
| Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi: The Queen of jhansi, was a brave warrior who took active part in the First War of Independence of India in 1857. |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966): Took over as Prime Minister of India after the death of Mr. Nehru; a prominent Congress worker, had his early education at Kashi Vidyapith; man of the highest integrity - President of the Servants of the People Society; rose to be the Prime Minister from humble start; a man of peace, determined nationalist, awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously. |
| Mahavira (599-527 B.C.): Born at Kundagrama(Vaishali, near Muzaffarpur, Bihar). Apostle of non-violence; prescribed code of penance for his followers; got enlightenment under a sala tree; founded monastic orders. Jainism was started by him. The religion continues to flourish, but its growth is limited. |
| Malaviya, Pandit Mandan Mohan (1861-1946): Twice President of Indian National Congress; founded Banaras Hindu University and was its Vice-Chancellor for many years; Indian delegate to Round Table Conference (R.T.C.); a great patriot and orator. |
| Mihir Sen : Calcutta Barrister; famous swimmer; he swam across the British Channel ; in 1966, he first crossed the Palk Straits( India and Sri Lanka ), later the Gibralter Strait ( Spain to Morocco ) and Dardanelles Strait and the Bosphorus, awarded Padma Bhushan. |
| Mira Behn : The well known disciple of Mahatma Gandhi and a recipient of Padma Vibhuhan award in 1962. She was born as Madeline Slade in England in 1892. |
| Naidu, Mrs Sarojini (1870 - 1948) : First Indian woman President of Indian National Congress; a gifted poetess; She was popularly called the " Nightingale of India 12:57 PM 12/4/00". She wrote a number of books such as Bird of Time, Golden Threshold. She was also the Governor of U.P. in 1947 - 1948. |
| Nanak Dev, Guru (1469 - 1539) : Founder of the Sikh religion, great saint-poet ; preached Hindu-Muslim unity, fought against ritualism, caste system, formalism; a great saint. His 500th birth centerary was celebrated in India in 1969. |
| Nehru, Jawaharlal (1889 - 1964) : World famous politician and statesman, a fluent speaker, a staunch believer in secularism, an apostle of peace; took active part in the political movement of India; President of Congress in 1929, 1930, 1952-53; President of the All-India States People Conference 1939; imprisoned several times. Prime Minister of India (1947-1964); a great writer; toured Russia, Poland, Yugoslavia in 1955. Author of the doctrine of Panch Sheel, his sudden death on 27th May 1964 orphaned the Indian Nation. Auther of international fame - The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, A Bunch of Old Letters. |
| Nehru, Pandit Motilal (1861 - 1931) : Father of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, lawyer of great renown; President, Indian National Congress 1919; led the Swarajist Party in Central Assembly ; great political worker of his time, his centenary celebrations were held in 1961. |
| Paramhansa Yogananda, Swami (1893 - 1952) : Founder of Yogoda Satsanga Society of India / Self-Realization Fellowship; writer of spiritual classic "Autobiography of a Yogi", adjudged the second best book of the 20th Century in USA in spiritual books category. With the blessings of his guru Swami Sri Yukteswar, he has spread the ancient spiritual science of Kriya Yoga worldwide. |
| Patel, Sardar Vallabhbhai (1875 - 1950) : 'Iron Man' of India; started political life in 1916; imprisoned a number of times; led several Satyagraha movements; President, Indian National Congress 1931; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs, States and Broadcasting from August 15, 1947 to December 14, 1950; his greatest achievement is the integration of the Indian States, rightly called Indian Bismarck. The first centenary of his birth was celebrated in 1975. |
| Pratap, Maharana : Rajput chief who refused to acknowledge Akbar's overlordship; defeated at Haldighat in 1576; took refuge in a remote fortess; soon reconquered the greater part of his possessions and founded his new capital at Udaipur; died in 1597. |
| Premchand, Munshi (1880 -1936) : Giant among Urdu and Hindi literaturers; his real name was Dhanpatrai; his birth centenary was celebrated in 1980. Sevasadan, Premasharam, Rangabhoomi, Karamboomi and Godan are among his important works. Godan was his last published novel. he was writing Mangalsutra when he died. |
| Radhakrishnan, Dr S.(1888-1975): Second President of the Indian Repunblic; was Vice-Chancelor, Banaras Hindu University(1939-48); Indian Ambassador to U.S.S.R.; Awarded Templeton Prize and Bharat Ratna. |
| Raman Dr C V: Famous physicist who was awarded Noblel Prize for Physics(Raman Effect) in 1930. He founded the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore; awarded Lenin peace Prize in 1958; he was designated a National Scholar in August, 1959; died in November 1970. |
| Raja Ram Mohan Roy: Social reformer; helped William Bentick, Governor-General of India(1828-35), in the abolition of Sati and other social evils; great scholar of Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit; founder of Brahmo Samaj. |
| Ray Satyajit: Famous indian film producer, he has directed Pather Panchali, Apur Sansar, Aparajito, Abhijan and Pratidwanti. He was honoured with the Magsaysay Award in 1967, he has won President's Film Award twice. His film Asani Sanket won him Berlin Award. Awarded Ph.D. for his contribution to the films by Oxford University. |
| Subhas Chandra Bose, Netaji(1897-1945): Prominent Congress leader, started Forward Block within the Congres on account of political differences with Mahatma Gandhdi; disappered from Calcutta in1941, organised I.N.A. at singapore; killed in an aeroplane accident in 1945. |
| Tagore, Dr. Rabindernath(1861-1941): One of the greatest lyric poets of the world; writer of short stories, novels, dramas; the greatest philosopher, thinker, educationist and huminist; won Noble Prize for Literature in 1913; first Asian recipient of the Noble Prize; founded ihe International University at Shantiniketan(Bolepur) in Bengal; Gitanjali, Gora, Wreck, Post Office, Sadhana, Home and World are among his famous works. |
| Tata, Jamshed : Parsi philanthropist and industrialist; founder of Tata Iron and Steel Works; one of the biggest iron and steel factories in Asia at Jamshedpur in the singhbhum District(Bihar). |
| Tilak, Bal Gangadhar(1856-1920): Great nationalist; imprisoned a number of times , profound scholar of Sanskrit; author of several books; wrote a commentary on Gita(Gita Rahasya) while in jail. |
| Vidya Sagar, Ishwar Chandra(1820-1898): A social reformer and educationist of Bengal, who is remembered for his pioneering work in the field of primary education and widow remarriage. |
| V.V.Giri(1894-1980): Labour leader of international fame, twice President of A.I.T.U.C. Formerly Governer of U.P., Vice-President of India(1967-1969). He was elected President of India in 1969 after the death of Dr Zakir Husain. |
| Vivekananda, Swami: Great propagator of the vedantic philosophy; visited many foreign countries and preached vedantism; staunch follower of Rama Krishna Paramhansa; founded Rama Krishna Mission at Belur(West Bengal). |
| Zakir Husain, Dr(1897-1969): Proposed Wardha Scheme of education, formerly Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Millia,1926-53, and later Vice-Chancellor, Muslim University, Aligarh; Governor of Bihar 1957-62; Vice-President of India(1962-67). He was elected as President of India in 1967. |
Wednesday, July 22, 2009
The Glorious Past of India
Amazing facts about India
| Bottom |
| DO you know..... | |
| Who is the co-founder of Sun Microsystems? | Vinod Khosla |
| Who is the creator of Pentium chip (needs no introduction as 90% of the today's computers run on it)? | Vinod Dahm |
| Who is the third richest man in the world? | According to the latest report on Fortune Magazine, it is AZIM PREMJI, the CEO of Wipro Industries. |
| Who is the founder and creator of Hotmail (Hotmail is world's No.1 web based email program)? | Sabeer Bhatia |
| Who is the president of AT & T-Bell Labs (AT & T-Bell Labs is the creator of program languages such as C, C++, Unix to name a few)? | Arun Netravalli |
| Who is the GM of Hewlett Packard? | Rajiv Gupta |
| Who is the new MTD (Microsoft Testing Director) of Windows 2000, responsible to iron out all initial problems? | Sanjay Tejwrika |
| Who are the Chief Executives of CitiBank, Mckensey & Stanchart? | Victor Menezes, Rajat Gupta, and Rana Talwar. |
Some other interesting information....
We Indians are the wealthiest among all ethnic groups in America, even faring
better than the whites and the natives. There are 3.22 millions of Indians in
USA (1.5% of population).
YET....
38% of doctors in USA are Indians.
12% scientists in USA are Indians.
36% of NASA scientists are Indians.
34% of Microsoft employees are Indians.
28% of IBM employees are Indians.
17% of INTEL scientists are Indians.
13% of XEROX employees are Indians.
A few common facts...
These facts were recently published in a German magazine, which deals with WORLD HISTORY
FACTS ABOUT INDIA.
01. India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history.
02. India invented the Number system, Aryabhatta invented 'zero.'
03. The world's first University was established in Takshila in 700BC. More than 10,500
students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of
Nalanda built in the 4th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient
India in the field of education.
04. According to the Forbes magazine, Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer
software.
05. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans.
06. Although western media portray modern images of India as poverty striken and
underdeveloped through political corruption, India was once the richest empire on earth.
07. The art of navigation was born in the river Sindh 5000 years ago. The very word
"Navigation" is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH.
08. The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the
concept of what is now known as the Pythagorean Theorem. British scholars have last
year (1999) officially published that Budhayan's works dates back to the 6th Century,
which is long before the European mathematicians' works.
09. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Quadratic equations were by
Sridharacharya in the 11th Century; the largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans
used were 106 whereas Indians used numbers as big as 1053.
10. According to the Gemmological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the
only source of diamonds to the world.
11. USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion amongst academics
that the pioneer of wireless communication was Professor Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi.
12. The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra.
13. Chess was invented in India.
14. Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted surgeries like cesareans, cataract, fractures and urinary stones. Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient India.
15. When many cultures in the world were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilisation).
16. The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.
Quotes about India...
We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile
scientific discovery could have been made.
Albert Einstein.
India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of
history, the grandmother of legend and the great grand mother of tradition.
Mark Twain.
If there is one place on the face of earth where all dreams of living men have found a
home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India.
French scholar Romain Rolland.
India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to
send a single soldier across her border.
Hu Shih (Former Chinese ambassador to USA)
facts & files
Position:- India, that is Bharat, lies in South Asia between latitudes 8 degree 4' and 37 degree 5' North and longitudes 68 degree 7' and 97 degree 25' East. It is bound on the South-West by Arabian Sea and on the South-East by the Bay of Bengal. On the North-East & North-West lie Himalayan ranges. The Southern tip, Kanyakumari is washed by the Indian Ocean.
Area:- It covers a total land area of 32,87,782 sq. kms., measuring 3214 kms. from North to South and 2933 kms. from East to West. It has a land frontier of 15200 kms and a coast line of about 6100 kms. excluding Lakshdeep, Andaman & Nicobar islands.
Total number of States:- 29
Total number of U.T's:- 7
The Constitution :- The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent assembly on 26th Nov, 1949 and came into being on 26th January, 1950.
facts & tips:-
- The first President of Constituent assembly was Dr. Rajindra Prasad.
- The Chairman of the Constituent assembly was Dr. B.R.Ambedekar.
- The draft constitution contained 315 articles & 8 schedules.
- The final constitution came with 395 articles & 8 schedules.
PREAMBLE of the constitution reads as :- WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having resolved to contitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens
JUSTICE social, political and economical;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, faith, belief and worship;
EQUALITY of status & of opportunity; and
to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of nation.
Population:- One Hundred Crore (approx. +50 per second)
Density :- 267 per sq. kms
Literacy Rate:- Males:- 63.86%, Females:- 90.5%
Its highest in Kerala and lowest in Bihar
Among women, lowest literacy rate is 20.84% in Rajasthan.
Sex Ratio:- 929 fair sex/1000 males
Most Populous State:- U.P. having 16.44% of total population.
The flag is a horizontal tricolour in equal proportion of deep saffron on the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom. The ratio of the width to the length of the flag is two is to three. In the centre of the white band, there is a wheel in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra, the wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital. Its diameter approximates the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes. The saffron stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation; the white, for purity and truth; the green for faith and fertility. The national flag was adopted by the constitutent assembly on 22nd July 1947.
National Anthem:-The song 'Jana-gana-mana' composed by Rabinder Nath Tagore was adopted as National anthem of India on 24th, January 1950.
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata
Punjab-sindhu-gujarata-maratha-
Dravida-utkala-banga
Vindhya-himachala-yamuna-ganga
Ucchhala-jaladhi taranga
Tava subha name jaage
Tava subha ashisha maange
Gaahe tava jaya gaatha.
Jana-gana-mangala dayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhaata,
Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya he,
Jaya Jaya Jaya, Jaya he.
The National Emblem of India is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath, near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.Three standing Lions on a base having Dharma Chakra at the center, a bull on the right and a horse on the left. The words 'Satyamevajatha' are inscribed at the bottom. The Lion Capital was erected in the third century BC by Emperor Ashoka to mark the spot where Buddha first proclaimed his gospel of peace and emancipation to the four quarters of the universe. The National Emblem is thus symbolic of contemporary India's reaffirmation of its ancient commitment to world peace and goodwill.
National Animal:- Tiger
There are very few tigers left in the world today. A decade ago the tiger population in India had dwindled to a few hundreds. The Government of India, under its Project Tiger programme, started a massive effort to preserve the tiger population. Today, thanks to Project Tiger, India's population of tigers has considerably increased.
Male bird of species P. cristatus, is a native of India, with striking plumage and upper tail converts marked with iridescent ocelli, able to expand its tail erect like fan as ostentatious display. Peacocks are related to pheasants.
National Flower:-Lotus
The Lotus or waterlily is an aquatic plant of Nymphaea with broad floating leaves and bright fragrant flowers that grow only in shallow waters. The leaves and flowers float and have long stems that contain air spaces. The big attractive flowers have many petals overlapping in a symmetrical pattern. The root functions are carried out by rhizomes that fan out horizontally through the mud below the water. Lotuses, prized for their serene beauty, are delightful to behold as their blossoms open on the surface of a pond. In India the sacred lotus is legendary and much folklore and religious mythology is woven around it.
A fleshy fruit, eaten ripe or used green for pickles etc., of the tree Mangifera indica, the mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated fruits of the tropical world. Its juicy fruit is a rich source of Vitamins A, C and D. In India there are over100 varieties of mangoes, in different sizes, shapes and colours. Mangoes, have been cultivated in India from time immemorial. The poet Kalidasa sang its praises. Alexander savoured its taste, as did the Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang. Akbar planted 100,000 mango trees in Darbhanga, known as Lakhi Bagh.
Some Important Days:-
| National Youth Day | Jan'ry 12 | |
| Army Day | Jan'ry 15 | |
| Republic Day | Jan'ry 26 | |
| Martyr's Day | Jan'ry 30 | |
| National Maritime Day | April 5 | |
| Labour Day | May 1 | |
| Quit India Day | Aug'st 9 | |
| Independence Day | Aug'st 15 | |
| Teachers Day | Sep'er 5 | |
| Gandhi Jayanti | Oct'er 2 | |
| National Integration Day | Oct'er 4 | |
| Air Force Day | Oct'er 8 | |
| Post Office Day | Oct'er 9 | |
| National Rededication Day | Oct'er 31 | |
| Children's Day | Nov'er 14 | |
| Navy Day | Dec'er 4 | |
| Flag Day | Dec'er 7 | |
| Kisan's Day | Dec'er 23 |
Help India
Post in your valuable views and comments in order to bring a change in India. Let's start a new revolution !!!!!!. we all know what is going on within our country. India is a country with people from different casts, different tribes, different languages irrespective of these We Indians are bounded together so there's less of a difference and more of similarities. But there are certain nuisances in our country who are trying their level best to spoil our country, and these bloody people are none other than the politicians. The police is not loyal, the judgement is also very late as most of the cases are ever pending..... Just write in your views to tackle these kinda problems, i just hope that if we are not possible to solve the problem, atleast we would be able to come up with amazing solutions!!!!
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